Herkunft:
Tell Bet Mirsim, Tomb 33; the dates of the scarabs and seal from Tomb 33 fit those of the other objects found in the cave (see
Ben-Arieh 2004: 11-122); MB IIB (1760-1540).
Ben-Arieh 2004: Ben-Arieh S., 2004, Bronze and Iron Age Tombs at Tell Beit Mirsim (Israel Antiquities Authority Reports 23), Jerusalem.
Darstellung:
A horizontal twist or central cable divides the base in an upper and a lower half; cf.
Keel 1997b: Tell el-˓Aǧul Nr.
887; Lachish, Tomb 1502 and Grave 157:
Tufnell 1958: pls. 30/31,19.24; 32/33,102; Uronarti:
Reisner 1955: 61 no. 191 =
Tufnell 1975: 98 fig. 9,377; the center of the upper part:
Ptḥ „Ptah“ (§ 641;
Keel 2002: 209-213 nos. 2-21); most of those scarabs were found in Canaanite sites: Tell el-Far˓ah South, Jericho, Lachish, Bet-Zur, Afek, Gezer and ˓Afula; to these
Keel 1997b: ˓Atlit Nr. 38, 42 may be added; a common phenomenon on many of these scarabs is the inverted
t sign, which looks like a
nb (
Keel 1995: § 458) sign, and also hints at a non-Egyptian origin; to date, only two scarabs with
ptḥ from Egyptian sites have been published; one was found at Tell el-Yehudiyeh (
Griffith 1890: pl. 10:1 =
Hall 1913: no. 72 = Tufnell 1984/2: pl. 51,3028 =
Keel 1995: 241, Ill. 564) and the other at Tell er-Retabeh (
Petrie 1906: pl. 33,2B =
Petrie 1925: pl. 15,1035);
Ptḥ is addorsed by the sign
ḥm (
Keel 1995: § 453) or
z (
Keel 1995: § 445, 465); in the lower part: a pair of confronted falcons (
ḥrw,
Keel 1995: § 454, 467), which stand on the same line, maybe a
nb (
Keel 1995: § 458); cf. Jericho Tomb B 48, Group II:
Kirkbride 1965: 596 fig. 282:9 =
Tufnell 1984: pl. 1:1034; behind each bird is a degenerated version of what seems to be the sign
sm (
Keel 1995: § 466) or perhaps
nfr (
Keel 1995: § 459; cf.
Rowe 1936: no. 94); local.
Griffith 1890: Griffith F.L., 1890, The Antiquities of Tell el Yahûdîyeh and Miscellaneous Work in Lower Egypt during the Years 1887-1888 (EEF 7), London.
Hall 1913: Hall H.R., 1913, Catalogue of Egyptian Scarabs, Etc., in the British Museum I. Royal Scarabs, London.
Keel 1995: Keel O., 1995, Corpus der Stempelsiegel-Amulette aus Palästina/Israel. Von den Anfängen bis zur Perserzeit. Einleitung (OBO.SA 10), Freiburg Schweiz/Göttingen.
Keel 1997b: Keel O., 1997b, Corpus der Stempelsiegel-Amulette aus Palästina/Israel. Von den Anfängen bis zur Perserzeit. Katalog Band I: Von Tell Abu Faraǧ bis ˓Atlit. With Three Contributions by Baruch Brandl (OBO.SA 13), Freiburg Schweiz/Göttingen.
Keel 2002: Keel O., 2002, Egyptian Deities in Middle Bronze Age Palestine, in: E.D. Oren/Sh. Aḥituv, Hg., Aharon Kempinski Memorial Volume. Studies in Archaeology and Related Disciplines (Beer-Sheva Studies by the Department of Bible and Ancient Near East 15), Beer-Sheva, 194-227.
Kirkbride 1965: Kirkbride D., 1965, Scarabs, in: Kenyon K.M., Excavations at Jericho II, The Tombs excavated in 1955-8, London, 580-655.
Petrie 1906: Petrie W.M.F., 1906, Hyksos and Israelite Cities (BSAE 12), London.
Petrie 1925: Petrie W.M.F., 1925, Buttons and Design Scarabs. Illustrated by the Egyptian Collection in University College, London (BSAE 38), London, Nachdruck Warminster-Encino/Cal. 1974.
Reisner 1955: Reisner G.A., 1955, Clay Sealings of Dynasty XIII from Uronarti Fort: Kush 3, 26-69.
Rowe 1936: Rowe A., 1936, A Catalogue of Egyptian Scarabs, Scaraboids, Seals and Amulets in the Palestine Archaeological Museum, Le Caire.
Tufnell 1958: Tufnell O., 1958, Lachish IV (Tell ed-Duweir). The Bronze Age, 2 vols., London.
Tufnell 1975: Tufnell O., 1975, Seal Impressions from Kahûn Town and Uronarti Fort. A Comparison: JEA 61, 67-101.
Tufnell 1984: Tufnell O., 1984, Studies on Scarab Seals. Vol. II: Scarab Seals and their Contribution to History in the Early Second Millennium B.C. With Contributions by G.T. Martin and W.A. Ward, 2 vols., Warminster.
Bibliographie:
Brandl 2004a: 126f, no. 4, 163, fig. 3:4 (with additional parallels);
Keel 2010: 70f, Bet-Mirsim Nr. 61.
Brandl 2004a: Brandl B., 2004a, Scarabs, Seals, an Amulet and a Pendant, in: Ben-Arieh S., ed., Bronze and Iron Age Tombs at Tell Beit Mirsim (IAA Reports, No. 23), Jerusalem, 123-188.
Keel 2010: Keel O., 2010, Corpus der Stempelsiegel-Amulette aus Palästina/Israel. Von den Anfängen bis zur Perserzeit. Katalog Band II: Von Bahan bis Tel Eton. Mit Beiträgen von Daphna Ben-Tor, Baruch Brandl und Robert Wenning (OBO.SA 29), Freiburg Schweiz/Göttingen.